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<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Archiving and Interchange DTD with OASIS Tables with MathML3 v1.4 20241031//EN" "https://jats.nlm.nih.gov/archiving/1.4/JATS-archive-oasis-article1-4-mathml3.dtd">
<article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" dtd-version="1.4" article-type="research-article" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Российский научный вестник</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2782-3830</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2782-3830</issn></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24412/2782-3830-2026-5-482-487</article-id><article-categories><subj-group><subject>Other</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="ru">ЯДЕРНАЯ ЭНЕРГЕТИКА И ОХРАНА ОКРУЖАЮЩЕЙ СРЕДЫ: ИСТОРИКО-ПРАВОВОЙ АСПЕКТ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>NUCLEAR ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION: HISTORICAL AND LEGAL ASPECTS</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Скопцов</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Skoptsov</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><email>n.skoptsovv@mail.ru</email><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-7867-0441</contrib-id></contrib><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Санкт-Петербургский политехнический, университет Петра Великого</institution></aff></aff-alternatives></contrib-group><pub-date pub-type="epub" iso-8601-date="2026-06-02"><day>02</day><month>06</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><issue>5</issue><fpage>482</fpage><lpage>487</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-05-06"><day>06</day><month>05</month><year>2026</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2026-06-02"><day>02</day><month>06</month><year>2026</year></date></history><self-uri content-type="pdf" xlink:href="publication-942e4407-6054-4b1f-bf7a-f11ef361e2ac.pdf" xlink:title="PDF"/><abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Цель. Настоящее исследование направлено на выявление закономерностей трансформации правового регулирования экологической безопасности в области использования атомной энергии. Автор ставит задачу систематизировать этапы развития законодательства и проанализировать современные правовые позиции судебных инстанций, определяющие баланс между промышленным развитием и защитой окружающей среды. Методы. В основу работы положен комплексный подход, включающий историко-генетический метод, позволивший реконструировать эволюцию правовых норм, и формально-догматический метод, примененный для анализа федеральных норм и правил в области использования атомной энергии. Эмпирическую базу составили опубликованные материалы судебной практики Верховного Суда Российской Федерации и Конституционного Суда Российской Федерации за 2010–2025 гг., обобщенные автором. Также использован сравнительно-правовой метод для сопоставления российской таксономии устойчивого развития с международными стандартами. Результаты. Впервые предложена и научно обоснована авторская периодизация развития правового обеспечения экологической безопасности в атомной отрасли, включающая четыре концептуальных этапа: от периода «государственной монополии на риск» до этапа «интеграции в экономику замкнутого цикла». Проведена систематизация правовых позиций высших судебных инстанций, в результате которой выявлены ключевые принципы: презумпция экологической безопасности при соблюдении технических регламентов и приоритет государственной экспертизы над субъективными оценочными суждениями. Проведен критический анализ соответствия российских норм стандартам Международного агентства по атомной энергии (МАГАТЭ). Выводы. Научная новизна исследования заключается в обосновании тезиса о том, что современное правовое регулирование в атомной отрасли перешло от модели компенсации вреда к модели превентивного управления жизненным циклом ядерных материалов. Сделан вывод о необходимости закрепления в законодательстве дифференцированного подхода к ядерным материалам, направляемым на регенерацию, для устранения их отождествления с радиоактивными отходами в рамках перехода к устойчивому развитию.</p></abstract><abstract xml:lang="en" abstract-type="summary"><p>Purpose. This study aims to identify the patterns of transformation of the legal regulation of environmental safety in the field of nuclear energy use. The author aims to systematize the stages of legislation development and analyze modern legal positions of judicial instances that determine the balance between industrial development and environmental protection. DOI: 10.24412/2782-3830-2026-5-482-487 Methods. The work is based on a comprehensive approach, including the historical-genetic method, which allowed reconstructing the evolution of legal norms, and the formal-dogmatic method applied to the analysis of federal norms and rules in the field of nuclear energy use. The empirical base consists of decisions of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation and the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation for 2010–2025. A comparative legal method wasalso used to compare the Russian sustainable development taxonomy with international standards. Results. For the first time, an original author’s periodization of the development of legal support for environmental safety in the nuclear industry is proposed and scientifically substantiated, including four conceptual stages: from the period of “state monopoly on risk” to the stage of “integration into the circular economy.” The systematization of legal positions of the highest courts wascarried out, as a result of which keyprinciples were identified: the presumption of environmental safety when complying with technical regulations and the priority of state expertise over subjective value judgments. A critical analysis of the compliance of Russian norms with the standards of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) wascarried out. Conclusions. The scientific novelty of the research lies in substantiating the thesis that modern legal regulation in the nuclear industry hasmoved from a model of damage compensation to a model of preventive management of the life cycle of nuclear materials. It is concluded that it is necessary to consolidate in legislation a differentiated approach to nuclear materials sent for regeneration to eliminate their identification with radioactive waste aspart of the transition to sustainable development.</p></abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ядерная безопасность</kwd><kwd>охрана окружающей среды</kwd><kwd>государственное регулирование</kwd><kwd>устойчивое развитие</kwd><kwd>радиационный риск</kwd><kwd>судебная практика</kwd><kwd>замкнутый ядерный топливный цикл</kwd><kwd>таксономия устойчивого развития</kwd><kwd>Федеральная служба по экологическому</kwd><kwd>технологическому и атомному надзору. SKOPTSOV N.A</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>nuclear safety</kwd><kwd>environmental protection</kwd><kwd>state regulation</kwd><kwd>sustainable development</kwd><kwd>radiation risk</kwd><kwd>judicial practice</kwd><kwd>closed nuclear fuel cycle</kwd><kwd>sustainable development taxonomy</kwd><kwd>Federal Environmental Industrial and Nuclear Supervision Service. 1. Introduction /</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><ref id="ref1"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="ru">Бринчук М. М. Экологическое право: учебник. Москва: Норма, 2023. 672 с.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref2"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="ru">Иойрыш А. И. Концепция атомного права. Москва: Наука, 1988. 350 с.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref3"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="ru">Выпханова Г. В. Энергетическое право и экологическое право: проблемы и перспективы взаимодействия // Энергетическое право. 2021. № 1. 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