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<article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" dtd-version="1.4" article-type="research-article" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Российский научный вестник</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2782-3830</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2782-3830</issn></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24412/2782-3830-2026-5-136-145</article-id><article-categories><subj-group><subject>Other</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="ru">ТИПОЛОГИЯ СОГЛАШЕНИЙ О ЗОНАХ СВОБОДНОЙ ТОРГОВЛИ В КОНТЕКСТЕ МЕЖДУНАРОДНОГО ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОГО ПРАВА И ПРАВА ВТО</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>TYPOLOGY OF FREE TRADE AREA AGREEMENTS IN THE CONTEXT OF INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC AND WTO LAW</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Диков</surname><given-names>Роман Витальевич</given-names></name><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Dikov</surname><given-names>Roman Vitalievich</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><email>roman.prc@mail.ru</email></contrib><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Post-graduate student International Law Department, Russian Foreign Trade Academy of the Ministry for Economic, Development of the Russian Federation, Russia</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Аспирант кафедры международного права, Всероссийской академии внешней торговли, при Министерстве экономического развития РФ, Россия</institution></aff></aff-alternatives></contrib-group><pub-date pub-type="epub" iso-8601-date="2026-06-02"><day>02</day><month>06</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><issue>5</issue><fpage>136</fpage><lpage>145</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-04-27"><day>27</day><month>04</month><year>2026</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2026-06-02"><day>02</day><month>06</month><year>2026</year></date></history><self-uri content-type="pdf" xlink:href="publication-73c73afd-d075-4e38-9656-6d01b93dbb2a.pdf" xlink:title="PDF"/><abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Предметом исследования в данной статье является правовая природа соглашений о создании зонсвободной торговли (ЗСТ) как особого вида международных договоров в системе международного экономического права и права международных договоров. Автор рассматривает соотношение общего правового режима Всемирной торговой организации (ВТО), основанного на принципе наибольшего благоприятствования (РНБ), и специального режима ЗСТ, который выступает регулируемым исключением из этого принципа. В рамках предмета детально анализируется процедурный механизм взаимодействия ЗСТ с правом ВТО, включая обязательства по уведомлению, работу Комитета по региональным торговым соглашениям (КРТС) и Механизм транспарентности 2006 г. Кроме того, исследуются ключевые признаки соглашений о ЗСТ, предлагается их новая типология (от классических до соглашений исключительной степени интеграции), а также анализируются эволюционные и географические аспекты развития таких соглашений, включая вопрос о трансформации ЗСТ в таможенные союзы. В статье использованы формально-юридический метод, сравнительно-правовой анализ (включая сопоставление подходов ВТО и практики заключения ЗСТ), анализ документов (решений ОРС ВТО, Механизма транспарентности) и доктринальный метод. Научная новизна исследования заключается в пересмотре устоявшегося в доктрине международного права и международных отношений деления соглашений о зонах свободной торговли на «ЗСТ» и «ЗСТ+», которое автор обоснованно признаёт утратившим объяснительную силу в условиях усложнения международных экономических отношений. Предлагается авторская четырёхуровневая типология таких соглашений: классические ЗСТ, ЗСТнизкой степени интеграции, ЗСТвысокой степени интеграции и ЗСТисключительной степени интеграции. Также дополнительно вводится градация уровней интеграции (протекционистский, умеренный, либерализационный характеры), что позволяет более точно дифференцировать реальное содержание конкретных договоров. Новизной также обладает вывод об отсутствии эволюции ЗСТ в таможенные союзы, особенно в отношении межрегиональных соглашений, стороны которых не имеют общих границ.</p></abstract><abstract xml:lang="en" abstract-type="summary"><p>The subject of this research article is the legal nature of agreements on the establishment of free trade areas (FTAs) as a special type of international treaties within the system of international economic law and the law of international treaties. The author examines the relationship between the general legal regime of the World Trade Organization (WTO), which is based on the Most Favored Nation (MFN) principle, and the special regime of FTAs, which acts as a regulated exception to this principle. The subject matter includes a detailed analysis of the procedural mechanism for the interaction of FTAs with WTO law, including notification obligations, the work of the Committee on Regional Trade Agreements (CRTA), and the 2006 Transparency Mechanism. Furthermore, keyfeatures of FTAagreements are explored, a newtypology is proposed (ranging from classical to agreements of exceptional integration), and evolutionary and geographical aspects of the development of such agreements are analyzed, including the issue of the transformation of FTAs into customs unions. The article employs a formal-legal method, comparative legal analysis (including a comparison of WTOapproaches and FTAconclusion practices), document analysis (decisions of WTOdispute settlement bodies, Transparency Mechanism), and doctrinal method. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the reevaluation of the established division of free trade zone agreements into “FTA” and “FTA+” in the doctrine of international law and international relations, which the author reasonably recognizes ashaving lost itsexplanatory power in the context of the complexities of international economic relations. The author proposes a four-level typology of such agreements: classic FTAs, low-integration FTAs, high-integration FTAs, and FTAs of exceptional integration. Additionally, a grading system for levels of integration (protectionist, moderate, liberalization characteristics) is introduced, allowing for a more precise differentiation of the real content of specific treaties. The novelty also includes the conclusion regarding the absence of evolution of FTAs into customs unions, particularly concerning interregional agreements whose parties donotshare common borders.</p></abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>зоны свободной торговли</kwd><kwd>таможенные союзы</kwd><kwd>интеграция</kwd><kwd>ЕАЭС</kwd><kwd>ВТО</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>free trade areas</kwd><kwd>custom unions</kwd><kwd>integration</kwd><kwd>EAEU</kwd><kwd>WTO</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><ref id="ref1"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="ru">П. а, ст. 2 ВКПМД гласит: «”Договор” означает международное соглашение, заключенное между государствами в письменной форме и регулируемое международным правом, независимо от того, содержится ли такое соглашение в одном документе, в двух или нескольких связанных между собой документах, а также независимо от его конкретного наименования». 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