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<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Archiving and Interchange DTD with OASIS Tables with MathML3 v1.4 20241031//EN" "https://jats.nlm.nih.gov/archiving/1.4/JATS-archive-oasis-article1-4-mathml3.dtd">
<article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" dtd-version="1.4" article-type="research-article" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Российский научный вестник</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2782-3830</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2782-3830</issn></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24412/2782-3830-2026-5-277-286</article-id><article-categories><subj-group><subject>Other</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="ru">ТЕОРЕТИЧЕСКИЕ АСПЕКТЫ ПРАВОСУБЪЕКТНОСТИ ЕАЭС И НЕКОТОРЫЕ ПРОБЛЕМЫ РЕАЛИЗАЦИИ ВНЕШНЕЙ КОМПЕТЕНЦИЙ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>THEORETICAL ASPECTS OF EAEU LEGAL PERSONALITY AND SOME PROBLEMS OF IMPLEMENTATION OF EXTERNAL COMPETENCIES</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Диков</surname><given-names>Роман Витальевич</given-names></name><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Dikov</surname><given-names>Roman Vitalievich</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><email>roman.prc@mail.ru</email></contrib><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Post-graduate student International Law, Department Russian Foreign Trade Academy, of the Ministry for Economic Development of the Russian Federation, Russia</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Аспирант кафедры международного права, Всероссийской академии внешней торговли, при Министерстве экономического развития РФ, Россия</institution></aff></aff-alternatives></contrib-group><pub-date pub-type="epub" iso-8601-date="2026-06-02"><day>02</day><month>06</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><issue>5</issue><fpage>277</fpage><lpage>286</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-04-27"><day>27</day><month>04</month><year>2026</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2026-06-02"><day>02</day><month>06</month><year>2026</year></date></history><self-uri content-type="pdf" xlink:href="publication-819fcf19-a3f2-4eca-a39c-596ae353d0b9.pdf" xlink:title="PDF"/><abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Предметом исследования в представленной статье является международная правосубъектность Евразийского экономического союза (ЕАЭС) и компетенция Союза в сфере осуществления внешних связей, прежде всего в части заключения международных договоров с третьими государствами. Автор детально анализирует правовую природу ЕАЭС как международной организации региональной экономической интеграции, исследует содержание его правосубъектности (включая наделение полномочиями, наличие прав и обязанностей, способность нести ответственность) и ограничения, вытекающие из функционального характера такой правосубъектности. В рамках предмета также рассматривается Соглашение о международных договорах ЕАЭС с третьими сторонами от 2018 года, выявляются этапы заключения таких договоров и роль государств-членов в каждом из них. Кроме того, рассматриваются конкретные инструменты реализации внешнеэкономической компетенции Союза, такие как соглашения о зонах свободной торговли (ЗСТ) и меморандумы о сотрудничестве. В статье использованы формально-юридический метод, метод сравнительного анализа (в томчисле с практикой Европейского союза и международных институтов правосудия), а также анализ документов и доктринальный подход. Научная новизна работы заключается в комплексном критическом анализе процедуры заключения международных договоров ЕАЭС с третьими сторонами, в ходе которого выявлена несамостоятельность Союза на каждом этапе – от инициирования до подписания и вступления в силу. В отличие от большинства работ, описывающих правосубъектность ЕАЭС формально, автор акцентирует практические последствия многократных согласований с государствами-членами и отсутствия чётких сроков на подготовку соглашений. Основные выводы: (1) ЕАЭС обладает международной правосубъектностью, которая носит производный и функционально ограниченный характер; (2) основным инструментом внешних связей выступают соглашения о ЗСТ, однако их заключение сопряжено с бюрократическими и временными издержками; (3) Союз ограничен в реализации своей компетенции, поскольку требуется внутригосударственное согласование, а решения Высшего совета фактически возвращают вопросы на национальный уровень, что дублирует полномочия; (4) для укрепления правосубъектности ЕАЭС автор предлагает расширить полномочия органов Союза и сократить излишние согласования.</p></abstract><abstract xml:lang="en" abstract-type="summary"><p>The subject of the study in the presented article is the international legal personality of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) and the Union’s competence in the area of external relations, primarily regarding the conclusion of international treaties with third states. The author analyzes in detail the legal nature of the EAEU as a regional economic integration international organization, explores the content of itslegal personality (including the delegation of powers, presence of rights and obligations, ability to bear responsibility), and the limitations arising from the functional nature of such legal personality. Within the subject, the 2018 Agreement on International Treaties of the EAEU with Third Parties is also examined, identifying the stages of concluding such treaties and the role of member states in each of them. Furthermore, specific instruments for implementing the Union’s foreign economic competence are discussed, such asfree trade zone agreements (FTZ) and memoranda of cooperation. The article employs a formal-legal method, a comparative analysis method (including with the practice of the European Union and international justice institutions), aswell asdocument analysis and a doctrinal approach. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the comprehensive critical analysis of the procedure for concluding international treaties of the EAEU with third parties, during which the Union’s lack of autonomy at each stage—from initiation to signing and entry into force—hasbeen revealed. Unlike most works that describe the EAEU’s legal personality formally, the author emphasizes the practical consequences of multiple consultations with member states and the absence of clear deadlines for preparing agreements. Keyconclusions: (1) the EAEU hasinternational legal personality, which is derivative and functionally limited; (2) the primary instrument for external relations is FTZagreements, buttheir conclusion is associated with bureaucratic and time costs (for example, negotiations with Serbia took four years); (3) the Union is limited in implementing itscompetence since domestic coordination is required, and decisions of the Supreme Council effectively return issues to the national level, duplicating powers; (4) to strengthen the EAEU’s legal personality, the author proposes to expand the powers of the Union’s bodies and reduce unnecessary coordination.</p></abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>правосубъектность</kwd><kwd>внешняя компетенция</kwd><kwd>ЕАЭС</kwd><kwd>ЗСТ</kwd><kwd>международная право</kwd><kwd>международные договоры</kwd><kwd>Европейский союз</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Legal Personality</kwd><kwd>External Competence</kwd><kwd>EAEU</kwd><kwd>FTA</kwd><kwd>International Law</kwd><kwd>International Treaties</kwd><kwd>European Union</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><ref id="ref1"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="ru">Birkenhead. 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