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<article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" dtd-version="1.4" article-type="research-article" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Российский научный вестник</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2782-3830</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2782-3830</issn></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24412/2782-3830-2026-7-538-547</article-id><article-categories><subj-group><subject>Other</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="ru">ДОГОВОР КАК МЕХАНИЗМ ЧАСТНОПРАВОВОЙ ОРГАНИЗАЦИИ ТОРГОВОГО ОБОРОТА В ОСМАНСКОЙ ИМПЕРИИ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>CONTRACT AS A MECHANISM OF PRIVATE-LAW ORGANIZATION OF TRADE IN THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Абдуллаев</surname><given-names>Рашад Абдул оглы</given-names></name><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Abdullaev</surname><given-names>Rashad Abdul oglu</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><email>rashadabdullaev@inbox.ru</email></contrib><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Academy of Labour and Social Relations</institution><city xml:lang="en">Moscow</city><country xml:lang="en">Russia</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Академия труда и социальных отношений</institution><city xml:lang="ru">Москва</city><country xml:lang="ru">Россия</country></aff></aff-alternatives></contrib-group><pub-date pub-type="epub" iso-8601-date="2026-07-13"><day>13</day><month>07</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><issue>7</issue><fpage>538</fpage><lpage>547</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-03-11"><day>11</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2026-07-13"><day>13</day><month>07</month><year>2026</year></date></history><self-uri content-type="pdf" xlink:href="publication-aca468f7-39e7-457e-92ba-6f7fe710113c.pdf" xlink:title="PDF"/><abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>В статье исследуется договор как основной механизм частноправовой организации торгового оборота в Османской империи. Актуальность обращения к данной проблематике обусловлена тем, что договорные отношения османского периода нередко рассматриваются либо как совокупность отдельных исламско-правовых конструкций, либо как элемент экономической и правовой истории, тогда как их системное значение для юридиче ского оформления торгового обмена раскрыто недостаточно. Цель исследования заключает ся в выявлении функций, которые договор выполнял при возникновении, развитии и защите имущественных связей между участниками внутренней и внешней торговли. На основе формально-юридического, историко-правового, системного, функционального и сравнитель но-правового методов анализируются купля-продажа, заемные и долговые отношения, това рищество, поручение, посредничество, хранение, перевозка, залог, поручительство и пере воддолга. Предлагается функциональная классификация соответствующих конструкций на обменные, кредитно-расчетные, кооперационные, посреднические, логистические и обеспе чительные. Обосновывается, что, несмотря на отсутствие в течение значительной части османского периода единой кодифицированной общей части договорного права, сопоставимой с европейской пандектной моделью, применявшиеся договорные формы образовывали взаимосвязанную обязательственную инфраструктуру торгового оборота. Через нееобеспечи вались движение товаров, денежных средств и долговых требований, распределение коммерческих рисков, конкретизация обязанностей сторон и создание оснований для защиты нарушенного имущественного интереса. Сделан вывод, что договор в османской торговой практике сочетал частную инициативу участников оборота с требованиями исламского права, торгового обычая, судебной практики и публичного регулирования рынка, выполняя правоо формляющую, регулятивную и стабилизирующую функции.</p></abstract><abstract xml:lang="en" abstract-type="summary"><p>The article examines contract as a principal mechanism of private-laworganiza tion of trade in the Ottoman Empire. The relevance of the study derives from the fact that Ottoman contractual relations are frequently considered either as a set of separate Islamic legal arrangements or as an element of economic and legal history, while their systemic role in the legal organization of - - DOI: 10.24412/2782-3830-2026-7-538-547 № 7 - 2026 539 commercial exchange remains insufficiently explored. The purpose of the article is to identify the functions performed by contracts in the establishment, development and protection of property relations between participants in domestic and foreign trade. Using formal legal, historical legal, systemic, functional and comparative legal methods, the study analyses sale, loan and debt relations, partnerships, agency, intermediation, storage, carriage, pledge, suretyship and transfer of debt. The article proposes a functional classification of these arrangements into exchange, credit and settle ment, cooperative, intermediary, logistical and security contracts. It is argued that, although Otto man law for much of the period lacked a unified codified general part of contract lawcomparable to the European pandectist model, the contractual forms in useconstituted an interconnected infra structure of obligations. They ensured the movement of goods, money and claims, the allocation of commercial risks, the determination of the parties’ duties and the creation of legal grounds for protecting infringed property interests. The author concludes that contracts in Ottoman commercial practice combined private initiative with the requirements of Islamic law, commercial custom, judi cial practice and public regulation of the market, thereby performing formative, regulatory and stabilizing functions.</p></abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>договор</kwd><kwd>торговый оборот</kwd><kwd>Османская империя</kwd><kwd>частноправовое регулирование</kwd><kwd>обязательство</kwd><kwd>исламское право</kwd><kwd>коммерческий риск</kwd><kwd>торговый обычай</kwd><kwd>имуще ственный интерес</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>contract</kwd><kwd>trade</kwd><kwd>Ottoman Empire</kwd><kwd>private-lawregulation</kwd><kwd>obligation</kwd><kwd>Islamic law</kwd><kwd>commercial risk</kwd><kwd>commercial custom</kwd><kwd>property interest</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><ref id="ref1"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="ru">Покровский И.А. Основные проблемы гражданского права. 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